Woodrow Wilson entered graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University as a classical liberal in his economic views but departed as a progressive. His fateful transformation had much to do with his apprenticeship with Richard T. Ely, who disparaged the laissez-faire policy prescriptions and deductive methodology of classical economics.

Gary M. Pecquet is an assistant professor of economics at Central Michigan University.
Clifford F. Thies is the Eldon R. Lindsay Professor of Economics and Finance at Shenandoah University.
EconomistsEconomyPhilosophy and Religion
Other Independent Review articles by Gary M. Pecquet
Summer 2016 Reputation Overrides Record: How Warren G. Harding Mistakenly Became the “Worst” President of the United States
Spring 2013 The Calculus of Conquests: The Decline and Fall of the Returns to Roman Expansion
Winter 2008/09 Texas Treasury Notes after the Compromise of 1850
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Other Independent Review articles by Clifford F. Thies
Spring 2023 Unintended Consequences: A Critical Review of Child Support Enforcement
Spring 2023 The Myth of American Inequality
Summer 2016 Reputation Overrides Record: How Warren G. Harding Mistakenly Became the “Worst” President of the United States
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