At the end of World War II millions of civilians and soldiers in areas controlled by the United States and its western allies were forcibly repatriated to areas under Soviet control as part of Operation Keelhaul. Nearly half of them went to prisons and forced labor camps. The heartbreaking details of this largely forgotten injustice are detailed in this essay.

Jeffrey Rogers Hummel is a Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Professor of Economics at San Jose State University.
Other Independent Review articles by Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Spring 2014 The Inevitability of a U.S. Government Default
Spring 2011 Ben Bernanke versus Milton Friedman: The Federal Reserve’s Emergence as the U.S. Economy’s Central Planner
Spring 2001 The Will to Be Free: The Role of Ideology in National Defense
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