Orthodox economics has long treated defense from threats foreign and domestic as a public good requiring provision by a central nation-state. Yet both theory and history show how polycentric defense systems, with dispersed groups of people searching for context-specific solutions, have provided collective security.

Christopher J. Coyne is a Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute, Professor of Economics at George Mason University, and Co-Editor of The Independent Review.
Twitter      Email
Nathan P. Goodman is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Economics at New York University.
Twitter     
AfghanistanAsiaDefense and Foreign PolicyDefense BudgetDiplomacy and Foreign AidEuropeNorth Africa and The Middle EastTerrorism and Homeland Security
Other Independent Review articles by Christopher J. Coyne
Spring 2024 Murray Rothbard on War and Foreign Policy
Fall 2023 Kenneth Boulding: Knowledge, Conflict, and Power
Summer 2023 A Symposium on Gene Sharp’s The Politics of Nonviolent Action
[View All (46)]
Other Independent Review articles by Nathan P. Goodman
Summer 2023 The Market Process as Nonviolent Action
Spring 2021 Infectious Diseases and Government Growth
Fall 2020 The Politics of War Powers: The Theory and History of Presidential Unilateralism
[View All (4)]