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Working Papers

Working Papers are research articles that have been submitted to the Independent Institute or written by our Fellows, but have not yet been published or peer reviewed. Independent maintains this index of working papers in order to help disseminate, discuss, and improve important ideas. Authors welcome informed comments. If you would like to submit your paper for possible inclusion please email the paper’s abstract to Independent’s Research Director, William F. Shughart II.

Financial Integration over Three Centuries
Political Systems, Economics of Organization, and the Information Revolution (The Supply Side of Public Choice)
Public Health and the Placebo
The Legacy of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act
The Changing United States Health Care System
The Effect of Competition on Structure and Performance
Minimum Wages For Women Only
The Positive Correlation of Price and Concentration in Staples: Market Power or Indivisibility?
You Get What You Pay For: Result-Based Compensation for Health Care
Do Good Laws Make Good Citizens?
An Economic Analysis of Internalizing Legal Values
Homicide Rates and Substance Control Policy
Teacher Training and Texas Education Reform
A Study in Contradiction
Do Civil and Political Repression Really Boost Foreign Direct Investments?
Political Yardstick Competition, Economic Integration, and Constitutional Choice in a Federation
Nation of Origin Bias and the Enforcement of Immigration Laws by the Immigration and Naturalization Service
Constitutional Causes for Technological Leadership: Why Europe?
Economic Principles of Constitutions
An Economic Analysis of Constitutional Law
Privateering and National Defense: Naval Warfare for Private Profit
Development of the American Railroad Network During the Early 19th Century
Private versus Public Enterprise
The Demand for Democide
An Instrumental Variables Analysis
International Money and Common Currencies in Historical Perspective
Wartime Socialization of Investment
A Reassessment of U.S. Capital Formation in the 1940s
The Lighthouse as a Private-Sector Collective Good
Do Off-Label Drug Practices Argue Against FDA Efficacy Requirements?
Testing an Argument by Structured Conversations with Experts
The Ongoing Growth of Government in the Economically Advanced Countries
Individual Unemployment Accounts
Prostitution and Sex Crimes


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