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A consistent message throughout Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential campaign was that the Afghanistan war had been neglected, the Iraq war was a costly error, and that the U.S. should refocus on the former and save money and restore national honor by withdrawing from Iraq. Two years into his presidency, we can assess his largest foreign policy promises—to withdraw from Iraq and send more troops to Afghanistan—both on their own terms, and by the standard of whether the policy goals as advertised have been realized.