Founded in 1863, the National Banking System was the monetary framework of the United States prior to the founding of the Federal Reserve in 1913. While U.S. Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase played the leading public role in its creation, two brothers, investment banker Jay Cooke and lobbyist Henry Cook, were indispensable drivers of the systems enacting legislation.
Other Independent Review articles by Patrick Newman | |
Spring 2023 | Oceans of Grain: How American Wheat Remade the World |
Winter 2016/17 | Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive Era |